Monday 30 June 2014

Godzilla learns some manners

HIDE CAPTION
2015 Nissan GT-R
(Nissan North America)
To truly appreciate the Nissan GT-R, one must embrace not only what it is (which is a lot), but what it is not.
For one, it is not small; it is seven inches longer than a Porsche 911 Turbo and some 300 pounds heavier. It is not pretty, either, at least not in a traditional sports-coupe sense. It is blunt-faced and angular and too tall by half. The Ferrari 458 Italia, a performance benchmark for Nissan engineers, is all sensual curves and scalpel edges. The 911 Turbo, also on the engineers’ dartboard, has a disarming, round-eyed expression that is more Beetle than beast. But there is nothing supple or endearing about the GT-R. It is pure menace from any angle. It looks every bit as angry as it is.
That unalloyed contrarianism suits it, though. Introduced in 2009 and barely revised since, the GT-R is aging remarkably well. Scarcity helps. Even in car-mad parts of the world (Los Angeles comes to mind, a city with more Porsches than Stuttgart), the GT-R is an automotive unicorn. Nissan’s supercar could have easily coasted for a few more years with its street cred intact, but the team in Tochigi couldn’t leave well enough alone. Some subtle but important changes for the 2015 model year will keep the car known as Godzilla fresh until the next iteration, known internally as the R36, lands for the 2016 or 2017 model year.
The tested vehicle was a GT-R Premium, which sits below the more sinister Black Edition and the race-ready Track Edition. But despite being the de facto base model, the Premium feels anything but bottom-rung; indeed, all GT-Rs pack the same 545-horsepower engine, all-wheel drive and six-speed dual-clutch transmission – at least until the arrival of the 600hp GT-R Nismo.
The interior feels nicer now, with higher-quality bits in important places, and – thanks in no small part to a newly standard Bose Active Noise Cancellation system – an ambience that better suits the car’s six-figure price tag. Outside, new headlamps include LED elements that (possibly at the request of Nissan ambassador and GT-R fanatic Usain Bolt) form little lightning bolts. The Track edition also wears a carbon fibre composite trunk lid, which, says Nissan, weighs about half as much as the standard steel one.
There is a new paint colour for 2015 that is vibrant enough to merit its own paragraph. Called Regal Red – which for buyers in the US will add $3,000 to the car’s bottom line – this shiraz-toned paint boasts stirred-in flakes of actual 24-carat gold. In direct sunlight it is wholly dazzling finish, if a bit Vegas for this writer's tastes.
The bigger, if less conspicuous, news for 2015 is a recalibrated suspension, which yields a dramatically more pleasant ride and, though it seems difficult to imagine, improved road-holding. The more compliant ride tames the car’s in-traffic demeanour significantly, and combined with the noise-cancellation system, makes the GT-R seem almost civilised at legal speeds. Almost.
The GT-R remains one of the automotive world’s apex predators, thanks to a bona fide monster of an engine. Amid its salaciously exposed components, the twin-turbo 3.8-litre gasoline V6 carries a plaque with the name of the human being whose hands assembled it. Our test car’s engine was put together by one Nobumitsu Gozu – 545 cheers to you, sir; you have reason to be proud.
Full-throttle acceleration is a thrill ride of the highest order; Nissan has not offered an official zero-to-60mph time for the 2015 GT-R, but the 2014 model was well-known for ducking beneath the three-second mark. Such speeds put the GT-R within mere tenths of the Bugatti Veyron, but the Nissan actually feels quicker. The Bugatti is refined to a fault, and although its four-figure horsepower can distort a driver’s eyeballs under full-throttle, the car wraps its heroic feats in satin, blunting the experience a touch. The Nissan does nothing of the sort. A wide-open GT-R makes sounds that, with due respect to Bose, no amount of noise-cancelling electronics can defeat.
Dropping the throttle sets into motion a Saturn V-style launch sequence: fuel injectors pump, the engine draws a breath, the turbochargers spool and – ignition – the world simply blurs. On the other side of the firewall and beneath your seat, things are happening, loudly; parts are in motion, valves and flaps and actuators are clicking and popping and hissing. The engine is noisy, transmission is noisy, the differentials are noisy, the suspension is noisy. In the words of Dr Frankenstein: It’s alive!
It bears mention here, if only for comic relief, that the GT-R is EPA-rated at 16mpg in the city and 23mpg on the highway.
Nissan has made the GT-R a bit more civilised for 2015, but it's akin to Jane teaching Tarzan to hold a teacup; the King of the Jungle is still there. The GT-R's stupendous combination of speed and scarcity makes it the automotive world's greatest bang-for-buck proposition. It remains the model fo the modern halo car, and though it lacks the obvious cachet of a Ferrari or Porsche, its ferocity is well known – even (or perhaps especially) by Ferrari and Porsche drivers.

FRANCE 2, NIGERIA 0


Team badge of France
France 2
Pogba 79′ Yobo 90′ (og)
  • FT 90 +5
  • HT 0-0
30 June 2014 Last updated at 17:53 GMT
France reached the quarter-finals of the World Cup as Paul Pogba's header and Joseph Yobo's own goal knocked out Nigeria in Brasilia.
Nigeria's Emmanuel Emenike had a first-half goal ruled out for offside before Vincent Enyeama saved Pogba's volley.
Victor Moses cleared Karim Benzema's shot off the line after the break and Yohan Cabaye volleyed against the bar.
Pogba headed home after Enyeama's misjudgement before Yobo diverted Mathieu Valbuena's cross into the net.
France will play the winners of Monday night's match between Algeria and Germany in the quarter-finals.
For the best of BBC Sport's in-depth content and analysis, go to our features and video page.
More to follow.
France fans
France had never met Nigeria in the World Cup before
Emmanuel Emenike
This is the first time two African nations (Nigeria and Algeria) have reached the World Cup knockout stage
Paul Pogba
Nigeria goalkeeper Vincent Enyeama recorded the most saves of any goalkeeper in the group phase
Paul Pogba
All of France's goals during this World Cup have come from inside the penalty area

Lineup, Bookings (1) & Substitutions (4)

France

  • 01 Lloris
  • 02 Debuchy
  • 03 Evra
  • 06 Cabaye
  • 04 Varane
  • 21 Koscielny
  • 19 Pogba
  • 14 Matuidi Booked
  • 09 Giroud (Griezmann - 62' )
  • 08 Valbuena (Sissoko - 94' )
  • 10 Benzema

Substitutes

  • 05 Sakho
  • 07 Cabella
  • 11 Griezmann
  • 12 Mavuba
  • 13 Mangala
  • 15 Sagna
  • 16 Ruffier
  • 17 Digne
  • 18 Sissoko
  • 20 Remy
  • 22 Schneiderlin
  • 23 Landreau

Nigeria

  • 01 Enyeama
  • 05 Ambrose Emuobo
  • 13 Oshaniwa
  • 10 Mikel
  • 02 Yobo
  • 22 Omeruo
  • 08 Odemwingie
  • 17 Onazi (Gabriel - 59' )
  • 09 Emenike
  • 11 Moses (Nwofor - 89' )
  • 07 Musa

Substitutes

  • 03 Uzoenyi
  • 04 Gabriel
  • 06 Egwuekwe
  • 12 Odunlami
  • 14 Oboabona
  • 15 Azeez
  • 16 Ejide
  • 19 Nwofor
  • 20 Uchebo
  • 21 Agbim
  • 23 Ameobi
Ref: Mark Geiger
Att: 67,882

Match Stats

Possession47%53%90minsFranceNigeria

Shots

13 9

On target

5 2

Corners

12 9

Fouls

12 15

How two Polish gamers created a global blockbuster

How two Polish men created a blockbuster global gaming phenomenon
When Barack Obama visited Poland in 2011, the country's Prime Minister Donald Tusk chose to give the US president a copy of the computer game The Witcher 2 as a present.
For Mr Tusk the gift represented modern Poland.
When President Obama returned to Poland last month he spoke favourably about the game.
Sitting in his modern glass and brick Warsaw office, Marcin Iwinski, the co-founder and joint chief executive of the company between the game, CD Projekt, says he couldn't believe his luck.
Mr Iwinski's business has sold seven million copies of the blockbuster series, but getting to a point where it could make money from it was as challenging as anything its team had devised for gamers to tackle.
Marcin Iwinski Growing up Marcin Iwinski couldn't find computers and games in Poland
Playing catch-up At high school Marcin Iwinski and friend Michal Kicinski were both passionate computer game players.
In the 1980s Poland was still behind the Iron Curtain, and most shops did not even stock basic foodstuffs, let alone cutting-edge personal computers.
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One Christmas Mr Iwinski's father brought him a ZX Spectrum from Germany along with early games like Atic Atac and Pssst. The young Marcin was immediately hooked.
Straight after high school he and Mr Kicinski began selling games they had imported from the US at Warsaw's computer market. In 1994 the pair moved into a small office and the company began to grow.
"A lot has happened since opening the country to the EU and it's more that people believed in themselves," Mr Iwinski says.
"Right now is the time when the entrepreneurial spirit of the Poles can show. It's definitely helpful there are good universities and the programmers are among the creme de la creme of world programmers."
Companies like CD Projekt and rival Polish video game producer Techland are among the most successful in the world.
Sinking the pirates From the start of the business, the biggest problem for CD Projekt was how to convince Polish gamers to buy legal games instead of the widely available and cheaper pirated versions.
To differentiate themselves from the rest the company started translating every game they sold into Polish. They employed famous Polish actors to do voiceovers, and put a quality seal on each box.
designing computer games in Warsaw Designers are working on what CD Projekt hope will be their next blockbuster
"It was like an extremely well-translated book but with a voiceover, or dubbing," says Mr Iwinski.
The company made its games more attractive by including collectible bonus features such as books or maps. Budget versions of older classics were sold in supermarkets.
Mr Iwinski added that all this extra effort was an attempt to reduce the number of people buying pirated versions of its games, which are sold at flea markets across Poland, and see pirates wrongly put CD Projekt's seal of quality on their vastly inferior versions.
Slaying monsters Both men had always dreamed about making their own game. In 2001 they created a software development unit.
They acquired the rights to the series of Witcher novels by Polish fantasy writer Andrzej Sapkowski, whose sword-wielding monster-slaying hero Geralt inhabits a Tolkienesque world.
"I still remember reading the Witcher story in a sci-fi magazine during high school. I didn't even dream that I would have a chance to work on a game based on the Witcher," Mr Iwinski says.
The game took five years to make at a cost of 22m zloty ($7.2m; £4.2m), an enormous amount for a Polish project.
Mr Iwinski says it has similarities to the TV series Game of Thrones in its grim medieval landscape that blurs the line between good and evil.
"It's not the usual candy-like fantasy thing. Previously almost all our PG games were candy-like, like Barbie World, you're the good guy, go kill the bad guy.
"Here we treated a mature audience with respect. It was something fresh, new and exciting for them."
CD Projekt now employs 350 Polish and foreign staff. It is developing a new game, Cyberpunk 2077, with echoes of the film Bladerunner, and the third instalment of Witcher will be released in February next year.
Mr Iwinski says: "During all this time the most important thing was our passion for games and the belief that we really feel what we are doing. Passion was fuelling us, we love what we do."

Wednesday 25 June 2014

Neuroscience: The man who saw time freeze

(Flickr/Marjan Lazarevski/CC BY-ND 2.0)
(Flickr/Marjan Lazarevski/CC BY-ND 2.0)
One day, a man saw time itself stop, and as David Robson discovers, unpicking what happened is revealing that we can all experience temporal trickery too.
It started as a headache, but soon became much stranger. Simon Baker entered the bathroom to see if a warm shower could ease his pain. “I looked up at the shower head, and it was as if the water droplets had stopped in mid-air”, he says. “They came into hard focus rapidly, over the course of a few seconds”. Where you’d normally perceive the streams as more of a blur of movement, he could see each one hanging in front of him, distorted by the pressure of the air rushing past. The effect, he recalls, was very similar to the way the bullets travelled in the Matrix movies. “It was like a high-speed film, slowed down.”
The next day, Baker went to hospital, where doctors found that he had suffered an aneurysm. The experience was soon overshadowed by the more immediate threat to his health, but in a follow-up appointment, he happened to mention what happened to his neurologist, Fred Ovsiew at Northwestern University in Chicago, who was struck by the vivid descriptions. “He was a very bright guy, and very eloquent” says Ovsiew, who recently wrote about Baker in the journal NeuroCase. (Baker’s identity was anonymised, which is typical for such studies, so this is not his real name).
"I looked up at the shower head, and it was as if the water droplets had stopped in mid-air" (Flickr/Umberto Rotundo/CC BY 2.0)
It’s easy to assume that time flows at the same rate for everybody, but experiences like Baker’s show that our continuous stream of consciousness is a fragile illusion, stitched together by the brain’s clever editing. By studying what happens during such extreme events, researchers are revealing how and why the brain plays these temporal tricks – and in some circumstances, they suggest, all of us can experience time warping.
Although Baker is perhaps the most dramatic case, a smattering of strikingly similar accounts can be found, intermittently, in medical literature. There are reports of time speeding up – so called “zeitraffer” phenomenon – and also more fragmentary experiences called “akinetopsia”, in which motion momentarily stops. For instance, travelling home one day, one 61-year-old woman reported that the movement of the closing train doors, and fellow passengers, was in slow motion and “broken up”, as if in “freeze frames”. A 58-year-old Japanese man, meanwhile, seemed to be experiencing life like a badly dubbed movie; in conversation, he found that although others’ voices sounded normal, they were out of sync with their faces. There may be many more unreported cases, says Ovsiew. “Since it’s a transient phenomenon, it could often be overlooked.”
(Getty Images)
Such experiences almost always accompany problems like epilepsy or stroke. Baker was only 39 at the time of his experience, which seems to have been caused by a weakened blood vessel that began bleeding while he was carrying some heavy boxes. The result was a relatively large patch of neural damage in the right hemisphere. “In the scans, it looks like there’s a cigar in my head,” he jokes today.
Yet why did this affect Baker’s time perception? Some clues could come from studies that have attempted to pinpoint the regions responsible for our perception of time. Of particular interest is an area of the visual cortex, called V5. This region, which lies towards the back of the skull, has long been known to detect the motion of objects, but perhaps it has a more general role in measuring the passing of time. When Domenica Bueti and colleagues at the University Hospital of Lausanne, Switzerland zapped the area with a magnetic field to knock out its activity, her subjects found it tricky to do two things: they struggled to track the motion of dots on a screen, as would be expected,  but also found it hard to estimate how long some blue dots appeared too.
One explanation for this double-failure is that our motion perception system has its own stopwatch, recording how fast things are moving across our vision – and when this is disrupted by brain injury, the world stands still. For Baker, stepping into the shower might have exacerbated the problem, since the warm water would have drawn the blood away from the brain to the extremities of the body, further disturbing the brain’s processing.
Perhaps our brain has a 'stopwatch' for judging how fast things fall, or move - when it breaks, time warps (Flickr/Laszlo Ilyes/CC BY 2.0)
It is just one possibility; not all patients with time warping experiences have damage to V5, so other cogs in the brain’s time-keeping apparatus may also play a role.
Another explanation comes from the discovery that our brain records its perceptions in discrete “snapshots”, like the frames of a film reel. “The healthy brain reconstructs the experience and glues together the different frames,” says Rufin VanRullen at the French Centre for Brain and Cognition Research in Toulouse, “but if brain damage destroys the glue, you might only see the snapshots.”
The brain constructs our smooth perception of reality from a series of intermittent snapshots (Flickr/Janos Csongor Kerekes/CC BY-ND 2.0)
We may all experience the normal smooth picture breaking down occasionally. For starters, if you’ve ever looked at overtaking cars on the motorway, their wheels can seem to stand still. This happens because the brain’s intermittent snapshots fail to capture the wheel’s motion fully. If, for example, it has made a full rotation between each “frame”, it will seem to be in exactly the same position each snapshot, giving the illusion that it is stationary.
And users of LSD often report “visual trails” following moving objects, a bit like the trails of bullets in The Matrix movie. VanRullen suspects this might arise because the brain somehow overlaps those sensory snapshots, rather than refreshing its picture anew.
Users of LSD report seeing moving objects with blurred trails (SPL)
Reports of time standing still are also common during a life-threatening accident; in one survey of people who had skirted close to death, more than 70% reported the feeling that the event occurred in slow motion. Some researchers claim that they are simply an artefact of memory, since the intense emotions lead us to lay down more details, so that we believe that the event lasted for longer only in hindsight. But the descriptions certainly sound close to those reported by the neurological patients, suggesting there may be some overlap.
For example, one person told researchers in the 1970s how they vividly remembered seeing the face of a train’s engineer during a near fatal collision: “It was like a movie run slowly so the frames progress with a jerky motion – that was how I saw the face”.
What’s more, Valtteri Arstila at University of Turku, Finland, points out that many of these subjects also report abnormally quick thinking. As one pilot, who’d faced a plane crash in the Vietnam War, put it: “when the nose-wheel strut collapsed I vividly recalled, in a matter of about three seconds, over a dozen actions necessary to successful recovery of flight attitude”. Reviewing the case studies and available scientific research on the matter, Arstila concludes that an automatic mechanism, triggered by stress hormones, might speed up the brain’s internal processing to help it handle the life or death situation. “Our thoughts and initiation of movements become faster – but because we are working faster, the external world appears to slow down,” he says. It is even possible that some athletes have deliberately trained themselves to create a time warp on demand: surfers, for instance, can often adjust their angle in the split second it takes to launch off steep waves, as the water rises overhead.
Could pro surfers and other athletes perceive time more slowly than the rest of us? (Thinkstock)
For Baker, the experience was a one-off, and after surgery to remove the damaged blood vessels, he has now made a full recovery. He remains remarkably upbeat about his condition, pointing out that in some ways it has actually been of benefit. Beforehand, he had been somewhat taciturn, particularly around strangers – a tendency that had even been labelled a disability by his school. But today, his shyness has gone – a fact that is clearly evident as he chats happily during our telephone conversation. “It was more than just feeling a little more forthcoming – I suddenly felt compelled to talk,” he says. Ovsiew has verified the report with Baker’s wife. “She confirmed that he was calmer, more talkative, and more friendly in social situations,” says Ovsiew.
The experience of time freezing around him, meanwhile, has given him new wonder at the fragility of our conscious experiences. “It was a really concrete example of how something very localised in brain can change your whole perception of the world,” he says. “One minute I was fine, the next minute I was in an altered reality.”

Breaking Nigeria: Abuja bomb blast in Wuse district kills 21

Nigeria: Abuja bomb blast in Wuse district kills 21

The BBC's Bashir Sa'ad Abdullahi says no-one has claimed responsibility so far
A bomb attack on a busy shopping district in Nigeria's capital, Abuja, has killed at least 21 people and injured 52 more.
The blast, near the popular Banex plaza shopping complex in Wuse district, could be heard from miles away and sent plumes of smoke into the air.
Police say a suspect has been arrested. No group has claimed responsibility.
Islamist militant group Boko Haram has bombed targets in Abuja and across northern Nigeria recently.
Firefighters try to put out a fire after a bomb exploded in a crowded shopping centre in Nigeria's capital Abuja on 25 June 2014. Plumes of smoke could be seen miles away from the site of the blast
People watch as smoke fills the sky after an explosion at a shopping mall, on 25 June 2014, in Abuja, Nigeria. Windows in nearby buildings were shattered by the strength of the explosion
line
At the scene: Mustapha Mohammed, BBC Hausa Service, Abuja I counted 12 bodies of men and women at the mortuary at the Maimata District Hospital, which is a few kilometres from the site of the blast.
Doctors and nurses were treating dozens of wounded - many of them for burns on their faces, hands and legs. The security forces were trying to keep order as relatives and friends rushed to the hospital to find out about the fate of their loved ones.
I saw one little boy, with bloodstains on his forehead. He was sobbing and looking for his mother.
A stranger brought him to the hospital after finding him, alone and disoriented, near the blast site. He got separated from his mother when the explosion ripped through the area. The boy did not know whether she was alive or dead, but the man looking after him feared the worst.
line
'Covered in blood' Chiamaka Oham, who was near the site of the blast, told the BBC: "We heard a really loud noise and the building shook, and people started screaming and running out.
"We saw the smoke and people covered in blood. It was just chaos."
The area was packed with shoppers at the time of the blast, the BBC's Hausa service editor Mansur Liman reports.
Many cars outside the shopping complex were burnt out and many windows were shattered, he adds.
One man told the BBC his driver was killed in the blast: "I was in the complex when I saw that the ground was shaking. I saw my driver dead and a lot of casualties."
Government spokesman Mike Omeri confirmed that the blast was the result of a bomb attack.
A Nigerian soldier walks at the scene of an explosion in Abuja, Nigeria, on 25 June 2014 The blast hit a busy shopping district at 16:00 local time (15:00 GMT)
A woman reacts as injured victims arrive at the Maitama general hospital in Abuja on 25 June 2014. Many of the injured were taken to Maitama General Hospital
Boko Haram has staged previous attacks in Abuja, but most of its targets have been in the north-east of the country.
In April, more than 70 people were killed in a bomb blast at a bus stop on the outskirts of the capital in an attack claimed by Boko Haram.
The group also said it was behind a car bomb attack near a bus station in the suburbs in May, which killed at least 19 people and injured 60 others.
The group also carried out a deadly car bomb attack on the United Nations building in the Nigerian capital in 2011.
It has become a source of growing international concern since the recent abduction of more than 200 girls from a school in northern Nigeria.
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Who are Boko Haram?
A screen-grab taken on 12 May 2014, from a video released by Nigerian Islamist extremist group Boko Haram Boko Haram leader Abubakar Shekau has been designated a terrorist by the US government
  • Founded in 2002
  • Initially focused on opposing Western education - Boko Haram means "Western education is forbidden" in the Hausa language
  • Launched military operations in 2009 to create Islamic state
  • Thousands killed, mostly in north-eastern Nigeria - also attacks on police and UN headquarters in capital, Abuja
  • Some three million people affected
  • Declared terrorist group by US in 2013